El Papel del Estrés Metabólico en la Hipertrofia Muscular. Una Revisión de Alcance
Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento de Fuerza, Crecimiento del musculo esqueletico, FisiologiaResumen
Objetivos: El propósito de esta revisión fue examinar críticamente el papel del estrés metabólico en la hipertrofia muscular y su capacidad para promover adaptaciones de forma autónoma, en lugar de ser meramente un complemento de la tensión mecánica. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed y Taylor & Francis Online, abarcando publicaciones en inglés y español desde 2010 hasta 2025. Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que el estrés metabólico, inducido por protocolos de entrenamiento con descansos breves y altas repeticiones, causa respuestas agudas como la acumulación de lactato, la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), inflamación y aumentos transitorios de hormonas. Sin embargo, estas respuestas no se traducen consistentemente en hipertrofia crónica cuando se aíslan de la tensión mecánica. Discusión: La evidencia sugiere que el estrés metabólico no es un mecanismo primario, sino un mediador que potencia la hipertrofia al facilitar el reclutamiento de fibras musculares de alto umbral mediante la fatiga. Conclusiones: En conjunto, el estrés metabólico no es suficiente para inducir la hipertrofia muscular por sí solo, sino que funciona como un mecanismo complementario que optimiza el crecimiento muscular generado por la tensión mecánica.Citas
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